**2026 HOT TOPIC** Glycolytic system
IB Diploma Programme: Sports, exercise and health science - Theme A: Exercise physiology and nutrition of the human body
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Content Notes
Communication
The nervous system
**2026 HOT TOPIC** The nervous system Cardiac control Breathing control Thermoregulation
The endocrine system
**2026 HOT TOPIC** Hormones and glands Reproductive hormones and health
Maintaining homeostasis
Homeostasis
Transport
Cardiovascular values Respiratory values
Hydration and nutrition
Water and electrolyte balance
Intake and loss Dehydration Measures of water and electrolyte balance Regulation of water and electrolyte balance Cardiovascular drift
Fuelling for health and performance
Macronutrients Nutritional strategies for macronutrients LEA
Energy systems
The energy systems Energy continuum Oxidative system **2026 HOT TOPIC** Glycolytic system Phosphagen system VO₂ max
Response
Qualities of training
Principles of training Measuring baselines Periodisation of training Adaptive responses Training programmes
Benefits to health of being active
Individual differences and activity Energy balance Effects of physical activity
**2026 STANDARD LEVEL HOT TOPICS**
Higher Level (HL) only content
Maintaining homeostasis (HL)
Impact of environment 1 - Temperature and humidity (HL) Impact of environment 2 - Altitude (HL)
Fuelling for health and performance (HL)
Micronutrients (HL) **2026 HOT TOPIC** The gut microbiome (HL)
Energy systems (HL)
Lactate inflection point (HL) EPOC (HL)
Benefits to health of being active (HL)
Exercise intensity and injury (HL) Physical and mental health for target groups (HL)
Fatigue and recovery (HL)
Origins of fatigue (HL) Recovery from exercise (HL) Other factors affecting recovery (HL)
**2026 HIGHER LEVEL HOT TOPICS**
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